FOUS30 KWBC 090835
QPFERD

Excessive Rainfall Discussion
NWS Weather Prediction Center College Park MD
435 AM EDT Sun Jun 9 2024

Day 1
Valid 12Z Sun Jun 09 2024 - 12Z Mon Jun 10 2024

...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS SOUTHERN
MISSOURI...

...Ozarks Region...
Localized significant flash flooding will remain possible through
the morning hours over portions of the Ozarks region. A Moderate 
Risk (Level 3 of 4) was introduced for this update as a
continuation of the Moderate from overnight as an MCS currently 
over central Kansas begins to work eastward into southern Missouri,
over areas that are increasingly saturated due to 
training/repeating rounds of convection that began last evening. 
The area has picked up several rounds of heavy rainfall over the 
past 24-36 hours, with the latest 24-hr MRMS QPE showing a swath of
4-6" in and around Springfield, MO. The expectation through the 
morning is for the current MCS over Kansas to track east/southeast 
through southern Missouri and far northern Arkansas before 
weakening later in the morning with the diminishing low level jet. 
Rain rates with that MCS and any development ahead of it will be 
capable of reaching 2-3"/hr through mid morning and the latest HREF
probabilities are high (>70%) for an additional 2" in the 12Z-18Z 
period and reach 10-15 percent at the 3" threshold with some
training/repeating convection likely. Altogether, some locations 
may eclipse 10" for the 36 hour period. This additional rainfall on
top of areas already saturated may lead to some significant flash 
flooding. By afternoon, the threat of heavy rainfall should wane 
over southern Missouri. 

Additional development is possible south into Arkansas,
Mississippi, and Alabama as the cold front and effective 
boundaries are laid out and become the focus for the peak heating 
development. The setup doesn't look as favorable for training 
convection but the high moisture and instability will support 
isolated to scattered thunderstorms with intense rain rates that 
may produce some flash flood risk. The 00Z HREF probabilities are 
up to 20 percent in places for 3" totals across portions of central
MS into west- central AL. 

...Northern High Plains...
A ribbon of higher moisture (PWs > 1" will develop through the
High Plains, into portions of eastern WY and far southeast MT.
Daytime convection developing with the robust heating combined with
this higher moisture may lead to a few/isolated instances of heavy
rainfall and flash flooding. There is a slight (20 percent) signal
in the HREF probabilities for 3" totals over northeast WY with 
amounts 1-2" more likely through the Marginal Risk area. 

...Southern High Plains and Texas...
Scattered to numerous thunderstorms are expected to develop across
the region during the period, with a Slight Risk (Level 2 of 4) of
excessive rainfall and flash flooding. A frontal boundary is 
forecast to be draped across the region, from eastern New Mexico 
through the Texas Panhandle. With that, a very anomalous pool of 
moisture will bank up against the terrain with PWs forecast to be 
above 1.5", which is 2-3 std above normal. A shortwave trough 
coming out of northwest Mexico is forecast to reach the region by 
the period, and this will help drive the more widespread 
convection, particularly over eastern NM into the Texas Panhandle.

The 00Z HREF and hi-res guidance shows several areas of deep
convection with many boundary interactions and cell mergers. Some
upscale and better organization into line segments is likely over
the Texas Panhandle. The 00Z HREF probabilities are moderate to
high (50-70%) for 3" totals from eastern NM to TX Panhandle and a
slight signal for at least 5" (10-15%). Intense rain rates will be
possible (2-3"/hr). 

Further west, the Slight risk remains in effect for some of the 
Plains area east of the Front Range and Sangre De Cristos to
account for some of the sensitive areas including associated burn 
scars. The latest hi-res guidance shows isolated to scattered
thunderstorms developing just downrange of those mountains and 
with the higher moisture banked into the area, this will increase 
the efficiency of those storms. 

There is particular concern around the Hermits Peak fire burn scar
northwest of Las Vegas, New Mexico. The forecast of 1-3 inches of
rain from convection may cause significant flooding in the area.

...Southern Florida...
An increasing moist environment (PWs approaching 2-2.25" combined
with the daily sea/land breezes will lead to robust and slower 
moving deep convection across both the Gulf and Atlantic coasts of 
southern Florida. Intense rain rates (2-3"/hr) at times will be 
possible and could pose a localized, mainly urban, flash flood 
threat during the afternoon/evening hours. 

Taylor


Day 2
Valid 12Z Mon Jun 10 2024 - 12Z Tue Jun 11 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS THE
NORTHERN PLAINS, SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS AND TEXAS, AND SOUTHERN 
FLORIDA...

...Northern Plains...
A shortwave trough and a cold front will move through the region.
Ahead of this feature, a ribbon of higher moisture will be
advancing northward and will be characterized by PWs between
1-1.5". Along with MLCAPE values above 1000 J/kg, there is good
overlap of the moisture, lift, and instability to support rounds of
thunderstorms by afternoon/evening. With cell mergers and boundary
interactions, an isolated flash flood threat can't be ruled out
with potential for isolated 1-2"/hr rain rates that could cause
flash flooding, so a Marginal Risk was introduced.

...Southern High Plains and Texas...
A forming closed low straddling NM/TX border will slowly settle
east/southeast through the period and across the entire region
there should be fairly high moisture remaining in place (PWs
1.25-1.75" that will support scattered thunderstorms. The focus
will be on the Texas Panhandle southward into west-central Texas
where totals may approach 1-3".

...Southern Florida...
Deep tropical moisture characterized by PWs well above 2-2.5", 
near 2.7", will overspread much of southern Florida, drawn 
northward by the larger scale troughing dipping down into the 
Southeast U.S. by late Monday into Tuesday morning. With a frontal 
boundary lingering over the region, this will act as the focus for 
slower moving and intense thunderstorms. Placement/coverage of 
heaviest rainfall is still a bit uncertain, though the latest/00Z
guidance is favoring the southwest FL coastal areas for the
potential for several inches. With the very dry conditions in 
place leading up to this, the Marginal Risk was maintained to
highlight potential for isolated instances of flash flooding,
primarily for the most vulnerable locations including urban areas.

Taylor


Day 3
Valid 12Z Tue Jun 11 2024 - 12Z Wed Jun 12 2024

...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF EXCESSIVE RAINFALL ACROSS PORTIONS
OF SOUTHERN PLAINS AND SOUTHERN FLORIDA...

...Southern Florida...
By mid-week, confidence in more widespread unsettled/stormy weather
increases across the Keys and southern Florida as the deep tropical
moisture remains in place and a lingering surface boundary resides
in the region. PWs are forecast to be well above 2.5" and could
approach daily max values by Wednesday. Across the 00Z guidance
suite, rainfall amounts are higher compared to earlier in the week
with the potential for another round of deep, slow moving
convection producing several inches and intense rain rates. The
greatest focus remains on the Keys and southwest FLorida, but the
threat extends to the southeast coast and into portions of central
Florida as well. For now, will maintain the Marginal RIsk but will
need to monitor conditions if repeating daily rounds start to 
saturate the soils by mid week, necessitating an upgrade to Slight
at some point. 

...Southern Plains...
The aforementioned shortwave trough will slide east/southeast
through Texas and Oklahoma during the period. This extra source of
lift combined with the already moist environment in place, PWs
above 1.5", and the expected source of higher instability should
contribute to scattered/numerous areas of thunderstorms by
afternoon/evening. At this point, model agreement in the placement
of the heaviest rainfall (northern TX/southern OK) is pretty good
and overall amounts line up well among the various deterministic
and ensemble guidance (for 1-2", locally 3". At this point, the
Marginal Risk looks good but could see a targeted Slight upgrade at
some in the next few updates as confidence in amounts and locations
become clearer. 

Taylor
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